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A naval rating is an enlisted member of a country's navy, subordinate to warrant officers and officers hence not conferred by commission or warrant. The naval term comes from the general nautical usage of rating - a seaman's class or grade as recorded in the ship's books,〔New English Dictionary, p. 886〕 whilst in the United States it is currently used to denote a sailor's occupational specialty. The system of conferring authority on sailors in the Royal Navy and elsewhere evolved through the recognition of competence; Landsman, Ordinary seaman or Able seaman and through the appointment of authority as a petty officer. Historically the term ''rate'' also applied to ships, denoting their combat strength by the number, and type, of guns. The general structure now used in the majority of countries breaks down into four major groupings: *Able Rate *Leading Rate *Petty Officer *Chief Petty Officer == Royal Navy == (詳細はUnited States Coast Guard --> (詳細はList of United States Coast Guard ratingsを参照) Rate refers to an enlisted sailor's position within the chain of command, as well as his or her pay grade. It is analogous to the term rank as used, for example, in the U.S. Army. However, the term "rank" should not be used in lieu of rate when referring to U.S. naval enlisted personnel. A "rating" refers to the sailor's occupational specialty, combined with their paygrade (For example, a Fire Controlman in the paygrade E-5 would have the rate of FC2, or Fire Controlman Second Class). Navy personnel in pay grades E-1 to E-3 have no rating and are thus called "non-rated men", "non-rates", or "undesignated"; however they are broadly classed into one of five groups of junior ratings, Seaman (SN), Fireman (FN), Airman (AN), Hospitalman (HN) and Constructionman (CN). Petty Officers (E-4 to E-6) and Chief Petty Officers (E-7 to E-9) are sometimes referred to by a combination of rate and rating. For example, a Petty Officer Second Class with the rating of Gunner's Mate may be addressed as "Gunner's Mate Second Class" (abbreviated "GM2"). Similarly, a Chief Petty Officer with the rating of Quartermaster is referred to in formal occasions as "Chief Quartermaster" (abbreviated "QMC"). On less formal occasions, however, senior enlisted personnel are referred to simply as Chief, Senior Chief, or Master Chief, as applicable. Rate badges consist of insignia (symbols) that indicate the sailor's rate and rating. Within these a number of further specializations are available such as aviation electrician, or gas systems technician dealing with propulsion.〔Cutler, Thomas J., The Blue Jacket's Manual Centennial Edition, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 2002, pg. 36–46〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Naval rating」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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